15

Q1. Which one is hotspot of bio-diversity?

• Eastern Ghats
• Western Ghats
• Aravalli Hills
• Indogangetic

Solution

In India, there are three hot spots- Indo Burma, Himalayas and Western Ghats. Western Ghats is spread over 1600 km that contains tropical evergreen rainforests. It has a wide range of endemic species as well as richness of richness of species of flowering plants, amphibians, reptiles.

Q2. The species becomes extinct most easily by:

• Urbanization
• Heavy rains
• Deforestation
• Sliding of hills

Solution

Extinction of species is caused due to destruction of habitats that result from deforestation. Deforestation reduces the area of free movement thereby leading to decrease in reproductive capacity.

Q3. The species of animals protected in Kaziranga sanctuary is

• Macaca mullata
• Panthera tigris
• Panthera leo
• Rhinocersos unicornis

Solution

Due to heavy poaching and hunting of Indian rhinoceros in Kaziranga National Park, it caused threat to its population. So Rhinocersos unicornis is protected with the help of WWF and Assam Government.

Q4. Of the given groups of organisms which has the highest number of species. 

• Mammals 
• Insects 
• Bacteria 
• Amphibians 

Solution

Insect group has the highest number of known and identified species. The number of known species of insects is 10,25,000. 

Q5. MAB stands for :

• Man and Biology programme
• Mammals and biology programme
• Mammals and Biosphere
• Man and Biosphere programme

Solution

MAB stands for Man and Biosphere programme, which is an international biological programme of UNESCO, started in 1971 but was introduced in India in 1986. MAB focused on human environment, biodiversity conservation strategies.

Q6. Blubber of whales is used to obtain? 

• Rubber 
• Oil 
• Proteins 
• None of the above 

Solution

The blubber of whales is used as a source of oils and fats. 

Q7. Amongst the animal groups given below, which one has the highest percentage of endangered species?

• Insect
• Mammals
• Amphibians
• Reptiles

Solution

From the known vertebrate species, 53 percent fresh water fishes, 60 percent amphibians, 36 percent reptiles and 10 percent mammals are endangered species.

Q8. Red data Book deals with:

• Endemic plant
• Plants that are extinct
• Animals on verge of extinction
• Plants showing photoperiodism

Solution

Red Data Book is maintained by World Conservation Union which maintains a list of species that are at the risk of extinction.

Q9. India has how many national parks?

• 120
• 89
• 54
• 46

Solution

India has 89 national parks, 500 wildlife sanctuaries, 14 biosphere reserves, 6 wetlands and 5 world heritage sites.

Q10. The scientific name for the Great Indian Bustard is

• Falco peregrinus
• Ardeotis nigriceps
• Buceros bicornis
• Grus leucogeranus

Solution

  Common name Scientific name Large Falcon Falco peregrinus Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps Great Indian Hornbill Buceros bicornis Siberian White Crane Grus leucogeranus  

Q11. Alpha diversity in a community refers to

• Diversity of organisms
• Diversity between communities
• Diversity of all the different communities in the given region
• None of the above

Solution

In a community, alpha diversity is the diversity observed between organisms, i.e. the number of species found in the community. The diversity observed between communities is termed beta diversity and the diversity of habitats in the entire region is known as gamma diversity.

Q12. Red data books are produced by:

• IUCN
• WWF
• IBWL
• None of these

Solution

Red Data Book is maintained by International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Now it is called World Conservation Union which maintains a list of species that are at the risk of extinction.

Q13. Kanha National Park is located in …………….. and is famous for …………………….

• Madhya Pradesh, elephant
• Madhya Pradesh, tiger
• Odisha, tiger
• Assam, elephant

Solution

Kanha National Park is located in Madhya Pradesh, which is famous for the dominance of male tigers. Other than tigers, it is also famous for panther, spotted dear, nilgai etc.

Q14. Which of the following has the least number of species?

• Higher plants
• Insects
• Fungi
• Mammals

Solution

From the given list of groups of organisms, mammals have the lowest number of species with about 4,650 species, while insects have the largest number of species, followed by higher plants and fungi.

Q15. A plant drug used for the treatment of blood pressure and schizophrenia is

• Reserpine
• Taxol
• Morphine
• Vincristine

Solution

Reserpine is obtained from the plant Rauvolfia serpentine. It is used in the treatment of blood pressure and schizophrenia.

Q16. Hazaribagh National Park is located in

• Kerala
• Uttar Pradesh
• Punjab
• Bihar

Solution

Hazaribagh National Park is located in Bihar.

Q17. The National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources is located at

• New Delhi
• Mumbai
• Haryana
• Tamil Nadu

Solution

The National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources which works for the conservation of plant and animal resources in India is located at Haryana.

Q18. Total number of identified biodiversity hot spots in the world is :

• 25
• 24
• 40
• 34

Solution

Till date, there are 34 terrestrial hot spots that have been identified in the world covering an area less than 2 percent of land surface with about 20 percent of human habitation.

Q19. Gir National Park is known for

• Lions
• Crocodiles
• Leopards
• Elephants

Solution

Gir National Park is well known for its lions.

Q20. Sacred grooves are specially useful in

• Generating environmental awareness
• Preventing soil erosion
• Year- round flow of water in rivers
• Conserving rare and threatened species

Solution

Sacred grooves are the forest trees that are worshipped by the native tribal of the forest which are maintained by the state government or central government. The reason for the protection and conservation of sacred grooves is that the grooves are rich in endemic species, which are very rare and face the risk of extinction if encroached.

Q21. Habitat loss and fragmentation over exploitation, alien species invasions and co-extinction are causes for

• Population explosion
• Migration
• Biodiversity loss
• Pollution

Solution

Habitat loss, fragmentation, over-exploitation, alien species invasions are the major factors that contributes to extinction of species. The extinction of species leads to loss in biodiversity.

Q22. A taxon which is facing an extremely high risk of extinct in the wild in immediate future is known as

• Rare
• Exotic
• Vulnerable
• Critically endangered

Solution

The species facing an extremely high risk of extinct in the wild in immediate future is known as critically endangered species.

Q23. Which of the following is not a cause for loss of biodiversity?

• Destruction of habitat
• Invasion by alien species
• Keeping animals in zoological parks
• Over- exploitation of natural resources.

Solution

Loss of biodiversity is caused due to destruction of species habitat, introduction of alien species and over-exploitation of natural resources. The zoological parks are a boon to biodiversity as it is very safe and secure for the exotic species. There is no loss of biodiversity.

Q24. In cryopreservation, which of the following chemicals is used to freeze materials to be preserved?

• Carbon dioxide
• Sodium
• Water
• Nitrogen

Solution

In cryopreservation, liquid nitrogen at −196°C is used to freeze materials to be preserved.

Q25. List of endangered species was released by:

• IUCN
• BBC
• WCC
• UN

Solution

The lists of endangered species are made in a Red Data Book that is maintained and released by International Union of Conservation Union.

Q26. The Himalayan Musk Deer Project was started at

• Dachigam Sanctuary
• Shikari Devi Sanctuary
• Corbett National Park
• Kedarnath

Solution

The Himalayan Musk Deer Project was started at Kedarnath, Uttar Pradesh.

Q27. Which of the following plants does not belong to the genus Solanum?

• Tomato
• Potato
• Brinjal
• Spinach

Solution

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) belongs to the genus Spinacia, while tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) belong to the genus Solanum.

Q28. The active chemical drug reserpine is obtained from

• Datura
• Rauvolfia
• Atropa
• Papaver

Solution

Rauvolfia serpentina contains a compound called reserpine, which is used to treat high blood pressure and mental disorders.

Q29. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is located in

• Rajasthan
• West Bengal
• Uttaranchal
• Assam

Solution

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Assam.

Q30. Which animals is the symbol of the World Wildlife Fund?

• Tiger
• Red Panda
• Horn bill
• White bear