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Q1. Cervical cancer can be caused by

• Chlamydia sp.
• Human papilloma virus
• Herpes simplex virus
• Salmonella sp.

Solution

Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow out of control. Cervical cancer is caused by both Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Human papilloma virus (HPV).

Q2. Antibodies are produced by:

• T-cells
• Monocytes
• B-cells
• Phagocytes

Solution

Lymphocytes such as B-cells secrete antibodies.

Q3. Lung cancer may develop due to

• Coal mining
• Calcium fluoride
• Cement particles
• All of the above

Solution

All the above mentioned substances affect the lungs and may in some instances cause lung cancer.

Q4. Ascaris is most commonly found in:

• Men
• Women
• Children
• (A) and (B)

Solution

Ascaris lives in the small intestine. It attacks children because they become infected by ingesting soil.

Q5. HIV is a member of group of viruses called:

• Bacteriophages
• Gemini viruses
• Lysogenic viruses
• Retro viruses

Solution

AIDS is caused by Human Immuno deficiency virus (HIV) which is a retrovirus that has an envelope enclosing the RNA genome.

Q6. Plague is caused by

• Yersinia pestis
• Campylobacter
• Mycobacterium leprae
• Vibrio comma

Solution

Yersinia pestis is the causative organism for plague.

Q7. At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?

• When the infecting retrovirus enters host cell
• When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcription
• When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages larger number of this
• Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person

Solution

The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T-Iymphocytes, replicates and produce progeny viruses, thus reducing the number of helper T- cells which stimulate antibody production by B- cells, thereby showing the primary symptoms like fever, swollen throat, muscle and joint aches.

Q8. Which is the drug-yielding part of the plant Papaver somniferum?

• Stem
• Latex of unripe fruit
• Dried leaves
• Dried seeds

Solution

The latex of the unripe fruits of Papaver somniferum yields opium and its derivatives such as morphine, codeine and heroin.

Q9. ELISA is used to detect viruses where the key reagent is

• DNA probe
• RNAse
• Alkaline phosphatase
• Catalase

Solution

ELISA is used to detect AIDS. Enzymes used for labelling in the test include horse radish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and β-galactosidase.

Q10. Short lived immunity acquired from mother to foetus across placenta or through mother's milk to the infants is

• Active immunity
• Passive immunity
• Cellular immunity
• Innate non-specific immunity

Solution

Passive immunity is when ready-made antibodies are directly given to protect the body against foreign antigens which clearly shows the example of colostrum which is secreted during lactation to the foetus who receives some antibodies to protect the infant.

Q11. Which of the following is associated with smoking?

• Bronchitis
• Lung cancer
• Emphysema
• All of these

Solution

Smoking causes various diseases that are injurious to health which include bronchitis, lung cancer, emphysema etc.

Q12. Which of the following drugs is obtained from the fruiting body of the Mexican mushroom Psilocybe mexicana?

• Psilocybin
• Mescaline
• Phencyclidine piperidine
• Methylenedioxy methamphetamine

Solution

Psilocybin is obtained from the fruiting body of the Mexican mushroom Psilocybe mexicana. It is used as a hallucinogenic agent.

Q13. Anti venom against snake poison contains:

• Antigens
• Antigen-antibody complexes
• Antibodies
• Enzymes

Solution

Snake anti-venom consists of venom neutralizing antibodies from host animals such as horse or sheep. The host animal is hyperimmunized to one or more snake venoms, a process which creates an immunological response that produces large numbers of neutralizing antibodies against various components (toxins) of the venom.

Q14. Which one of the following is a stimulant?

• LSD
• Cocaine
• Opium
• Heroin

Solution

Cocaine makes a person more wakeful, alert and cause excitement; so they are called as stimulants.

Q15. Passive immunity can be obtained by injecting:

• Antibodies
• Antigens
• Antibiotics
• Vaccination

Solution

With injection of antibodies directly to protect the body against foreign agents, passive immunity is attained.

Q16. Which of the following diseases are caused by a virus?

• Ring worm and AIDS
• Common cold and AIDS
• Dysentery and common cold
• Typhoid and tuberculosis

Solution

Common cold and AIDS are caused by Myxovirus and HIV, respectively.

Q17. In malaria, the product released by mosquitoes into blood that causes chill and fever is called:

• Haematin
• Schuffner's dots
• Haemazoin
• Haematoxin

Solution

A toxic substance called haemazoin is released due to rupture of RBCs, which is responsible for the chill and high fever recurring every 3-4 days.

Q18. The organisms which cause diseases in plants and animals are called:

• Pathogens
• Vectors
• Insects
• Worms

Solution

An agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium or fungus is called pathogen. 

Q19. The chemical test that is used for diagnosis of typhoid is:

• ELISA-Test
• ESR-Test
• PCR-Test
• Widal-Test

Solution

Widal test is a test of blood serum that uses an agglutination reaction to diagnose typhoid fever. 

Q20. The disease chikunguniya is transmitted by

• House flies
• Aedes mosquitoes
• Cockroach
• Female Anopheles

Solution

Chikungunya and Dengue are vector-borne diseases that spread through Aedes mosquitoes.

Q21. Select the correct statement from the ones given below:

• Barbiturates when given to criminals make them tell the truth
• Morphine is often given to persons who have undergone surgery as a pain killer
• Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate
• Cocaine is given to patients after surgery as it stimulates recovery

Solution

After surgery, morphine is given in small doses to relieve pain and induce sleep.

Q22. Which one of the following is not a property of cancerous cells whereas the remaining three are?

• They compete with normal cells for vital nutrients
• They do not remain confined in the area of formation
• They divide in an uncontrolled manner
• They show contact inhibition

Solution

Cancerous cells do not have property of inhibition.

Q23. AIDS-day is celebrated on

• 5th June
• 1st October
• 11th July
• 1st December

Solution

1st December is celebrated as AIDS day.

Q24. Which type of cancer affects lymph nodes and spleen?

• Carcinoma
• Sarcoma
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Solution

Lymph nodes and spleen are lymphoid organs. So lymphomas are the cancers of the lymphatic tissues. 

Q25. The causative agent for amoebiasis is released by the patient in the

• Saliva
• Blood
• Tears
• Faeces

Solution

The causative organism for amoebiasis, Entamoeba histolytica, lives in the large intestine and the lower part of the small intestine of humans and is expelled out of the body through the faeces.

Q26. Consumption of alcohol may lead to:

• Accumulation of acetaldehyde in liver
• Synthesis of fat in liver
• Lowering of blood glucose level of the body
• All of the above

Solution

Consumption of alcohol has adverse effects on nervous system, stomach, liver, heart, kidneys etc. It also decreases glucose level in the blood called as alcoholic hypoglycaemia.

Q27. Marijuana and charas are

• Stimulant
• Hallucinogens
• Depressant
• Sedative

Solution

Marijuana and charas are drugs which change thoughts, feelings and perceptions because it has strong effect on cerebrum and sense organs. Therefore they are called hallucinogens.

Q28. Drugs which induce dreamy state of consciousness are called:

• Sedatives
• Barbiturates
• Stimulants
• Hallucinogens

Solution

There are drugs that act on central nervous system and affect the feelings, dreams and thought of a person which are called as hallucinogens or psychedelic drugs.

Q29. AIDS was first discovered in

• 1981 in America
• 1981 in Asia
• 1984 in America
• 1984 in France

Solution

AIDS was first discovered in1981 in America.

Q30. Which immunoglobulin is largest in size?

• Ig A
• Ig D
• Ig E
• Ig M

Solution

Ig M is the largest immunoglobulin that possesses 900 kDa molecular weight with IgA being 150 kDa, IgE being 190 kDa and IgD is not yet identified.

Q31. HIV is classified as a retrovirus because its genetic information is carried in

• DNA instead of RNA
• DNA
• RNA instead of DNA
• Protein coat

Solution

HIV is a retrovirus because it contains RNA rather than DNA. It uses a reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from its RNA genome.

Q32. Both sickle cell anaemia and Huntington's chorea are:

• Bacterial diseases
• Congenital diseases
• Pollution-related diseases
• Viral diseases

Solution

Sickle cell anaemia and Huntington’s chorea are congenital diseases that occur at birth or even before birth. The incidence is 2~5% in newborn.

Q33. Antigens are present:

• Inside nucleus
• On the cell surface
• Inside cytoplasm
• On nuclear membrane

Solution

Antigens are found on the cell membrane of every cell, and help to distinguish 'self' cells from 'non self' cells.

Q34. The virus envelope is known as

• Capsid
• Virion
• Nucleoprotein
• Core

Solution

Virus particles contain the viral genome packaged in a protein coat called the capsid.

Q35. A person shows the production of interferon in the body. Which disease could the individual be suffering from?

• Typhoid
• Measles
• Tetanus
• Malaria

Solution

Interferons are produced in response to viral infections. Because measles is the only mentioned viral disease, the individual is likely to be suffering from it.

Q36. Marijuana is extracted from

• Dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant
• Ergot fungus
• Roots of hemp plant
• Cocoa plant

Solution

Bhang, ganja and charas yields from dried leaves, resins and flowers of hemp plants which is Cannabis indica. But marijuana yields from same hemp plants but from different species, Cannabis sativa.

Q37. Characters of acquired immunity are:

• Specificity
• Differentiate between self and non-self
• Retains memory
• All of the above

Solution

Acquired immunity is the immunity that our body gains over time, similar to how an individual gains knowledge over time. The major characteristics are-   (i)Our body has the ability to recognize and differentiate various pathogens. It has a specific action for each type of pathogen.   (ii)Our immune system remembers each immunological encounter in our body—once our body is invaded by a pathogen, it creates a specific response to that germ and eliminates it. (iii)It is able to tell apart the cells from our own body and other foreign particles or foreign cells i.e. self and non-self cells.

Q38. Which cell secretes antibody?

• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes
• Eosinophils
• Neutrophils

Solution

Lymphocytes such as B-cells secrete antibodies.

Q39. Damage to thymus in a child may lead to:

• A reduction in haemoglobin content of blood
• A reduction in stem cell production
• Loss of antibody-mediated immunity
• Loss of cell-mediated immunity

Solution

Damage to thymus won’t cause extreme damage to the immunity but it may cause immune deficiency due to antibody-mediated immunity because it produce circulating antibodies in response to the presence of a foreign substance and recognize the substance upon exposure.

Q40. Diseases are broadly grouped into infectious and non- infectious diseases. In the list given below, identify the infectious diseases: (i) Cancer  (ii) Influenza (iii) Allergy  (iv) Small pox

• (i) and (ii)
• (ii) and (iii)
• (iii) and (iv)
• (ii) and (iv)